> ## Documentation Index > Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.parmanasystems.com/llms.txt > Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further. # Models as insider risks: what Parmana already does, and what it does not > Satya Nadella argues that frontier models should be treated as insider risks, with controls outside the model. A principle-by-principle look at where Parmana meets that bar and where it does not. In October 2026, Satya Nadella published a short essay, "Models as Insider Risks in the Super Intelligence Era". Its argument in one line: **"we need to separate the supply of intelligence from the authority over it."** He does not say models are malicious. He says that "any sufficiently capable actor with access to important systems can make mistakes or be compromised", and that we already know how to handle such actors inside a company: establish identity, limit privileges, log activity, draw containment boundaries. And he is specific about where those controls must live: "the controls that govern what a model can access and what actions it can take must sit outside the model." That sentence is the reason Parmana exists. So it is worth checking, one principle at a time, where Parmana meets the bar he sets, and being just as clear about where it does not. ## The picture A support agent built on a frontier model proposes: refund ₹50,000 for order 123. The model may be right. It may have been misled by a customer's message. It may be running a harness that rewrote itself last week. Under Nadella's framing, none of that should matter to whether the refund runs, because the model is not the one deciding. In Parmana, the model only proposes. A policy it does not hold decides, a person signs an approval for that exact refund, the gateway releases it, and a signed record is left behind. The model never holds the payment credentials. ## Principle by principle **Controls outside the model.** This is the core of Parmana. The agent's request is checked against an approved, versioned policy before anything runs. The credentials of the system that acts live behind the gateway, issued for one execution, never handed to the agent. Nadella traces this to a 1970s rule: a program must not be able to bypass or tamper with what enforces its permissions. The agent cannot edit the policy, its grant or the approver keys; those change only through maker checker, and a non-human key is refused on those routes. **Independent controls.** He wants organisations to "independently determine what a model can access and what actions it can take". In Parmana that is the policy bound to each capability, the capabilities each key may call, and authority grants with limits and an end date, all set by people, two of them for every change. **Treat the model as an insider.** Least privilege per key. A signed human approval for every agent action, reads included, at any amount, bound to the action, the resource and, for a refund, the amount. Facts can be asked of the system that owns them instead of taken from the model's word. These are the old insider controls, applied to agents. **Observe everything.** He asks that every meaningful action leave evidence, so "we can reproduce how an outcome was achieved without relying on the model to attest to it". Every Parmana decision, approved or refused, leaves a signed record: what was proposed, which policy version decided, which facts it rested on, who approved, what happened. None of it is the model's account of itself. **Independent auditability.** "Validation must be independent of the intelligence being validated." A Parmana record is verified with a public key, offline, by anyone. It does not depend on the model, and it does not depend on Parmana's server either. **Verifiability.** He asks for continuous testing "including failures, attacks, edge cases", not only successful tasks. Parmana's production live checks were built mostly from cases that were meant to be refused: no grant, over the limit, after a revoke, an agent claiming a fact its source contradicts. **Incident disclosure.** Parmana keeps a public, dated gap log of what was found wrong in Parmana itself, how severe it was, and how and when it was closed, and it corrects claims in place when they turn out broader than the evidence. That is disclosure for the control layer, not yet for the incidents of the agents it governs. ## What it does not do * **It does not make evidence tamper-proof.** Nadella asks for "tamper-proof" evidence. Parmana's records are tamper-evident: a change is detected, not prevented. "Tamper-proof in every environment" is on Parmana's list of claims it deliberately does not make, and an operator with database access could still alter approval records; today that is detected, not prevented. * **It is not an emergency brake on a model.** You can revoke an agent's grant or key, or an approver's key, and the gateway re-checks what a decision rests on just before release. But Parmana does not pause a model's reasoning mid-task. It stops actions at the gate, not thoughts. * **It does nothing for chain-of-thought transparency or model diversity.** Parmana governs actions, not reasoning, and works with any model. Those principles need other tools. * **It only contains what passes through it.** An agent that keeps its own credentials to a system can act there directly. Containment depends on routing every action through the gate. * **It is young.** Some of its strongest controls (asking business systems for facts, authority grants) are deployed and checked in production but not yet used by a shipped policy. See [What is left](/concepts/business-validation#what-is-left). ## The takeaway Nadella ends with this: "The most trustworthy Super Intelligence system will not be the one with the model we trust most. It will be the one that enables us to trust the model the least." That is the design brief for an authorization layer. Let the model be as capable as it can be, and give it no authority of its own: the rules, the limits, the approvals and the evidence all sit where the model cannot reach them. **Source:** Satya Nadella, "Models as Insider Risks in the Super Intelligence Era", October 2026, published on X. **Read more:** [Agents will rewrite themselves](/essays/03-agents-will-rewrite-themselves), [Prompt guardrails are advice](/essays/02-guardrails-are-advice), [Limitations](/security/limitations). This documentation is built and hosted on [Mintlify](https://mintlify.com), a developer documentation platform.